Very low carbohydrate baked product

ABSTRACT

Ingredients and process for producing baked products having a very low carbohydrate content yet with satisfactory density, texture, color, toastability, aroma and other properties found desirable in high carbohydrate breads, rolls and cakes, such as those produced from whole or patent wheat flours. The essential ingredients for the baked product are proteinaceous powders with less than 10% carbohydrate content, such as the high protein powder produced from the soybean or other sources, non-yeast leavening, such as baking powder and cream of tartar, and water sufficient to generate suitable consistency of the dough. Varying amounts of cottage cheese and eggs can be added in order to modify texture, aroma and toothiness with only slight increase in carbohydrate content.

United States Patent [1 1,

Engelman et al.

[ Dec. 30, 1975 [54] VERY LOW CARBOHYDRATE BAKED PRODUCT [76] Inventors: Elaine Green Engelman, 938

Berkeley Ave.; Dorothy Neri, 328

Hillcrest Ave., both of Trenton, NJ. 08618 [22] Filed: Nov. 16, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 416,407

Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 258,268, May 31,

1972, abandoned.

[52] US. Cl. 426/644'; 426/550; 426/655; 426/656; 426/657; 426/804 [51] Int. Cl. ,A21D 13/04; A2lD 13/06; A23] 3/00 [58] Field of Search 426/152, 153, 159, 550,

[56] References Cited FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,060,071 2/1967 United Kingdom 99/90 I-IP Primary Examiner-James R. Hoffman Attorney, Agent, or FirmDaniel E. Kramer [57] ABSTRACT Ingredients and process for producing baked products having a very low carbohydrate content yet with satisfactory density, texture, color, toastability, aroma and other properties found desirable in high carbohydrate breads, rolls and cakes, such as those produced from whole or patent wheat flours. The essential ingredients for the baked product are proteinaceous powders with less than 10% carbohydrate content, such as the high protein powder produced from the soybean or other sources, non-yeast leavening, such as baking powder and cream of tartar, and water sufficient to generate suitable consistency of the dough. Varying amounts of cottage cheese and eggs can be added in order to modify texture, aroma and toothiness with only slight increase in carbohydrate content.

8 Claims, No Drawings VERY LOW CARBOHYDRATE BAKED PRODUCT This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.

258,268 filed May 31, 1972, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:

1. Field This invention pertains to the field of manufacture of baked food products. Recent advances in medicine have disclosed that a certain class of illness, hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar, or hyperinsulinism, which is a disease characterized by extreme sensitivity to sugars and starches otherwise known as carbohydrates, is best treated by a diet which is essentially free of carbohydrates.

The most common factor adversely affecting the health of the average American is an overweight condition. Recent advances in nutrition have disclosed that satisfactory weight control can be achieved over long periods of time without significant limits on the amount of food eaten, providing the diet is essentially restricted to proteins and fats, with the carbohydrate content of' the diet reduced essentially to zero. Sufferers of the overweight syndrome are frequently compulsive eaters and feel dissatisfied unless their diet includes significant quantities of bread, cake or rolls. The product of this invention is a baked product, and can be cake or rolls, which can be freely eaten by those suffereing from hypoglycemia or who wish to reduce their weight by means of a diet which is essentially free of carbohydrates.

2. Description of Prior Art Bread has between 45 and 52 percent carbohydrate. Its primary component is whole or patent flour which contains about 75-80 percent carbohydrate. Yeast, which is used as a leavening agent, has 3540 percent carbohydrate.

Lower carbohydrate bread has been made with wheat gluten flour. A so-called gluten flour, containing 45 percent gluten and 55 percent patent flour, has 45 percent carbohydrate, which is only 62 percent of the carbohydrate in patent flour.

Bread to rise must have dough with a gluey consistency. The leavening agent must form gas bubbles in the dough. These gas bubbles must not break until the rising process is complete and the baking process has caused the walls of the gas bubble to denature and dehydrate. Through this process the walls become semi-rigid, generating the effect of solidifying the porous mass into the product we know as bread. Gluey consistency is a property of the gluten. Through the use of gluten, bubbles with a high degree of gas tightness are achieved so that the relatively slow gas liberation generated by the yeast does not leak out. The gas leakage would cause collapse'of the bubbles, which would result in aheavy, dense product. Therefore, yeast bread traditionally had to employ gluten flours.

By contrast, quickbread, that is, those baked products which can be put in the oven immediately on mixing and do not require an extended rising period, do not need as leakproof'a bubble formation as that provided by yeast and gluten. The inventors found that they could utilize the fast rising characteristics of non-yeast leavening, such as used in quick breads,'to make a non-gluten bread using essentially zero carbohydrate constituents. Efforts by others to minimize the carbohydrate and/or increase theprotein content were directed toward substituting powder of a higher protein content for a percentage of the wheat flour. Although there has been considerable activity in the direction of reducing the carbohydrate content of bread and other baked products by the addition of high protein substances or foods such as casein or soyflour or the substitution of dietary nullities, such as bran of cereals or the endosperm of oil seeds which have'high percentages of indigestible or unavailable carbohydrates, such as cellulose, pentosans and the like, in no case have baked products been suggested with carbohydrate content approaching zero.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention discloses a formula and a process for making baked products, such as bread, cake or rolls, which have very low carbohydrate content, but which have taste, aroma, density and toastability which approach those properties of baked products made with wheat flours. The formulae utilize proteinaceous powders having less than 10 percent carbohydrate such as those manufactured or extracted from grains, soybeans, nuts or other protein sources such as milk, fish or eggs; moist soft curd milk or non-milk cheeses,

classed as cottage cheese, such as cottage, farmer, pot,

ricotta, feta, or moist protein curds; leavening such as baking powder or baking soda plus an organic acid, such as tartaric, citric or lactic, which is found in sour milk.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT:

Formulae A, B, C, D and E are set forth in Table l. The basic very low carbohydrate baked product is made according to Formula A and is composed solely of soy protein, water and non yeast leavening. Variations in texture, color and flavor, such as white color, brown color, sweet taste, nutty taste, are created in Formulae B, C, D and E by additions of whole eggs, cottage cheese, sesame seeds, nuts, and oil in small amounts. The proportions of eggs given in the recipes are for fresh eggs. Dried eggs plus water can be substituted.

Proteins are composed of a large number of different nitrogen bearing organic compounds called amino acids. Although there are at least 22 amino acids, eight of these are generally considered essential to human nutrition. All of these amino acids must be consumed in the correct relative proportions in order for them to be nutritionally effective. Although animal protein is generally nutritionally complete, i.e., containing all the essential amino acids in proper ratio, vegetable protein 7 is generally lacking in or is low in content of or contains an unfavorable ratio of one or more of the essential amino acids, Tryptophan, Lysine and Methionine (or Cystine). These must be consumed in the proportion:

Tryptophan l Lysine 43% 3 Methionine and/or 3 Cystine FORMULA A Take 160 grams proteinaceous powder having less than percent carbohydrate powder, 8 grams baking soda, 8 grams cream of tartar, A teaspoon salt, and mix thoroughly. Then add 255 grams water and knead into a dough. Immediately place in an appropriately sized baking tin and bake in a 350 oven for approximately 55 minutes.

FORMULA B Mix the dry ingredients, 140 grams of proteinaceous powder having less than 10 percent carbohydrate, 8 grams baking soda and 8 grams cream of tartar to form mixture A. Mix 310 grams of whole eggs and 140 grams of cottage cheese, 2 grams of vanilla extract and 1 /2 grain of saccharin sweetener to form Mixture B. Other no-carbohydrate sweeteners can be used in place of the saccharin.

tracted from sesame seeds, grams of proteinaceous powder having less than 10 percent carbohydrate which has been extracted from soy, 8 grams of baking soda, 4 grams of citric acid, 2 /2 grams of salt and 8 grams of caraway seeds.

To the mixed, dry ingredients, add 26 /2 grams of water, 0.5 grams of sodium carboxy-methyl cellulose, sodium saccharin to taste, 0.004 grams sodium benzoate.

Next, add all of the blended cheese yolk mixture to the moistened dry ingredients and mix well to form the batter. Beat 95 grams of egg whites until slightly thick but not stiff. Pour the whites onto the batter; stir until well mixed; spoon all the batter into the greased loaf pan and bake in the pre-heated oven for approximately minutes or until done.

FORMULA E Add 22 /2 grams of vegetable oil, grams of water, 15 grams of baking soda, 15 grams of cream of tartar to 130 grams of whole eggs and mix thoroughly. Add this liquid to 100 grams of proteinaceous powder having less than 10 percent carbohydrate. This powder may be extracted from any convenient protein source, such as those enumerated under Brief Summary of the Invention. Then blend the cottage cheese with the other ingredients to form the dough, which is baked in the same way as the dough of Formula A.

TABLE 1 FORM ULA INGREDIENT I WEIGHT PERCENT ON DRY BASIS PROTEINACEOUS POWDER:

Mix together A and B and when well mixed, knead into a dough and bake approximately 55 minutes.

FORMULA C FORMULA D Blend until smooth grams of egg yolk and grams of cottage cheese in a blender. Then mix dry in a bowl 55 grams of proteinaceous powder having less than 10 percent carbohydrate which has been ex- I claim:

1. A very low carbohydrate baked product made from dough, said dough consisting principally of proteinaceous powder having less than 10% carbohydrate and leavening agent.

2. A very low carbohydrate baked product as in claim 1 where said powder in the dough is extracted from at least one of the group consisting of soybeans, grains, sesame seeds, alfalfa seeds, caraway seeds, pumpkin seeds, poppy sees, sunflower seeds, milk, fish, eggs and bonemeal.

3. A low carbohydrate baked product as in claim 2 where the proteinaceous powders in the dough contain-- ing varying ratios of the amino acids Tryptophan, Ly-

,sine and (Methionine Cystine), said powders extracted from members of the group are combined to produce a product wherein the quantities of these amino acids approach within i 20 percent the ratio of 6 6. A low carbohydrate baked product as in claim 5 Tryptophan where the percentage of eggs in the dough is less than h j zfi 3 5l percent of the weight of the dough, excluding water. and/or 3 5 7. A low carbohydrate baked product as in claim 4 Cystinc. where the percentage of protein curds in the dough is less than 54 percent.

4. A low carbohydrate baked product as in claim 1 8- A low carbohydrate baked product as in claim 1 where the dough includes moist protein curds. where the percentage of the powder in the dough is 5. A low carbohydrate baked product as in claim 4 H) within the range of 18.4 to 9l percent on a dry basis.

where the dough includes eggs.

UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CURRECTION PATENT NO. 3,930,055 DATED December 50, 1975 INVENTOR(S) Elaine Green Engelman and Dorothy Neri It is certified that error appears in the abovetdentified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

In column 2, within the table, line 58, delete "43%"n In Claim 2, line 5, change "poppy sees" to poppy seeds gigncd and Sealed this twentieth D ay Of April] 9 76 [SEAL] A ttest:

RUTH C. MASON (mnmisxr'um'r of Patents and Trademarks 

1. A VERY LOW CARBOHYDRATE BAKED PRODUCT MADE FROM DOUGH, SAID DOUGH CONSISTING PRINCIPALLY OF PROTEINACEOUS POWDER HAVING LESS THAN 10% CARBONHYDRATE AND LEAVENING AGENT.
 2. A very low carbohydrate baked product as in claim 1 where said powder in the dough is extracted from at least one of the group consisting of soybeans, grains, sesame seeds, alfalfa seeds, caraway seeds, pumpkin seeds, poppy sees, sunflower seeds, milk, fish, eggs and bonemeal.
 3. A low carbohydrate baked product as in claim 2 where the proteinaceous powders in the dough containing varying ratios of the amino acids Tryptophan, Lysine and (Methionine + Cystine), said powders extracted from members of the group are combined to produce a product wherein the quantities of these amino acids approach within + or - 20 percent the ratio of
 4. A low carbohydrate baked product as in claim 1 where the dough includes moist protein curds.
 5. A low carbohydrate baked product as in claim 4 where the dough includes eggs.
 6. A low carbohydrate baked product as in claim 5 where the percentage of eggs in the dough is less than 51 percent of the weight of the dough, excluding water.
 7. A low carbohydrate baked product as in claim 4 where the percentage of protein curds in the dough is less than 54 percent.
 8. A low carbohydrate baked product as in claim 1 where the percentage of the powder in the dough is within the range of 18.4 to 91 percent on a dry basis. 